More on Policy and Charging in LTE

Continuing on the Policy and Charging in LTE from the previous post here.

Presented by Erik P. Neitzel, DMTS, Technology Development Group, U.S. Cellular in the LTE North America 2011 conference

Standardisation on M2M at ETSI M2M platform

Standardisation on M2M at ETSI M2M platform

View more presentations from Zahid Ghadialy

Presented by Marylin Arndt, ETSI TC M2M Vice-Chairman in the 2nd FOKUS FUSECO Forum 2011, Berlin 17-18 Nov. 2011

Webinar: Bridging the gap between LTE and 1xEV-DO

Interesting webinar from Rohde & Schwarz



There are another couple of interesting Video from R&S from the LTE North America 2011

VoLTE and Audio Quality Test

SMS over IMS Verification

Diameter Infrastructure Required for LTE (Data) Roaming

Diameter protocol seems interesting especially since we are moving to All IP Networks. This old post gives a comparison of SS7 and Diamater protocol.

You can learn more about Diameter at the Diameter Learning Center.

Introduction of HSS in the LTE

Click on the pic to enlarge

Interesting slides from E-Plus Mobilfunk GmbH & Co. KG presented in FUSECO Forum 17th-18th November 2011, Berlin.

LTE Base station equipment

If interested, more details available in the NTT Docomo whitepaper here.

LTE Policy Control and Charging

What is coming next after LTE and IMT-Advanced

Interesting presentation from NSN

What is coming next after LTE and IMT-Advanced

View more presentations from Zahid Ghadialy

Other related posts:

• Next Mobile Network (NMN)
• 4G Mobile Broadband Evolution: 3GPP Release-10 and Beyond

Funny: How phone users view other phone users

One for the weekend!

HSPA vs LTE

Interesting report to remind the differences between HSPA and LTE available here.

Next Mobile Network (NMN)

Next Mobile Network

View more presentations from Zahid Ghadialy

Couple of presentations on 4G/LTE and Femtocells

Do LTE and Femtocells Need One Another?

View more presentations from pnjarich

Femtocells in the Broadband Home – Will 4G Solve Current Challenges?

View more presentations from Altran_Marketing

Overview of LTE Handovers

From the NTT Docomo Technical journal:


The LTE handover is broadly divided into a backward handover (PS handover) and forward handover. In the former, the network performs cell switching and notifies the mobile terminal of the destination cell, and in the latter, the mobile terminal performs autonomous switching to pick up the destination cell.


To control packet loss due to a momentary cutoff at the time of radio switching, PS handover supports a data forwarding process that transfers undelivered data from the switching-source eNodeB to the switching-destination eNodeB and a reordering process that corrects sequencing mistakes between forwarded data and new data.


The forward handover can be classified into Release with Redirection triggered by a cutoff signal from the network and Non Access Stratum (NAS) Recovery in which the mobile terminal autonomously performs a NAS recovery, either of which is accompanied by data loss due to a momentary cutoff. From a different perspective, handover can be classified in the following two ways according to whether it is accompanied by Radio Access Technology (RAT) or frequency switching or by eNodeB or EPC switching (Figure 7).


1) Intra-RAT handover: This is a handover that occurs within the LTE system in which node transition occurs between sectors within an eNodeB, between eNodeBs within an EPC switch, or between EPC switches. 


A handover between eNodeBs within an EPC switch may be an X2 or S1 handover. In an X2 handover, signal processing is performed by the X2 logical interface between eNodeBs, while in an S1 handover, signal processing is performed by the S1 logical interface between an eNodeB and the EPC switch. There is a tradeoff between the cost of maintaining an X2 link and the cost incurred by an S1 handover, and operations are configured accordingly.


Handover can also be classified by whether the center frequency is the same before and after handover, that is, whether the handover occurs within the same frequency or between frequencies.


2) Inter-RAT handover: This is a handover that occurs between RATs either as a transition from LTE to 3G or from 3G to LTE.

A detailed post on LTE to 3G Inter-RAT handover is available here.

Testing and Optimising LTE

JDSU: Testing and Optimising LTE

View more presentations from Zahid Ghadialy

An interesting presentation from JDSU

IEEE standards impacting the future home

Interesting graphic from IEEE-SA depicting various IEEE standards impacting the home - via Steven Crowley on Twitter