Presented in Small Cells SIG on the 29th of March 2012.
:
Horizontal Antennas Use Cases
1 hour ago
Showing posts with label Femtocells. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Femtocells. Show all posts
Friday 13 April 2012
Thursday 29 March 2012
DOCOMO Euro-Labs: LTE/LTE-A Interference Coordination for Femtocells
Tuesday 27 March 2012
LTE/LTE-A SON (for Femtocells)
A Video presentation of the above is embedded below:
PDF of the above presentation is available here.
Monday 26 March 2012
3GPP LTE Evolved Packet System & Application to Femtos
A video of the actual presentation is embedded below. Its quite long (94 minutes)
The presentation is available to download in PDF format from here.
The presentation is available to download in PDF format from here.
Sunday 25 March 2012
Tuesday 10 January 2012
Friday 16 December 2011
Release 12 study item on Continuity of Data Sessions to Local Networks (CSN)
LIPA was defined as part of Release-10 that I have already blogged about. Imagine the situation where a user started accessing local network while camped on the Home eNode B (aka Femtocell) but then moved to the macro network but still wants to continue using the local network. Release 12 defines this feature and is called Continuity of Data Sessions to Local Networks (CSN). This study item was originally part of Release 11 but has now been moved to Rel-12.
From SP-100885:
From SP-100885:
Justification
Basic functionality for Local IP Access (LIPA) has been specified in Rel-10.
LIPA signifies the capability of a UE to obtain access to a local residential/enterprise IP network (subsequently called a local network) that is connected to one or more H(e)NBs.
The current study item investigates extending LIPA functionality to allow access to the local network when a UE is under coverage of the macro network and provide related mobility support.
LIPA allows a UE to work with devices in the local network – e.g. printers, video cameras, or a local web-server. If the local network offers services that enable exchange of digital content (e.g. UPnP) LIPA allows the UE to discover supporting devices and to be discovered.
Examples for services that become available by LIPA are:
· The pictures stored in a UE’s digital camera may be uploaded to a local networked storage device or printed out at a local printer.
· A portable audio player in the UE may fetch new content from a media centre available on the local network.
· A UE may receive video streams from local surveillance cameras in the home.
· A local web-server in a company’s intranet may be accessed by the UE.
· Support of VPN.
LIPA does not require the local network to be connected to the Internet but achieves IP connectivity with the UE through one or more H(e)NBs of the mobile operator.
In Release 10 3GPP has only specified the support of LIPA when the UE accesses the local network via H(e)NB.
On the other hand an operator may, e.g. as a chargeable user service, wish to provide access to the local network also to a UE that is under coverage of the macro network. Access to the local network when a UE is under coverage of the macro network should be enabled in Rel-11.
In Rel-10 it had been required for a UE to be able to maintain IP connectivity to the local network when moving between H(e)NBs within the same local network.
However, access to the local network may be lost as a UE moves out of H(e)NB coverage into the macro network, even if other services (e.g. telephony, data services, SIPTO) survive a handover to the macro network and are continued. This may result in an unsatisfactory user experience.
The current study item will allow continuation of data sessions to the local network when the UE moves between H(e)NB and the macro network.
Therefore, in Rel-11, the 3GPP system requires additional functionality to allow
· A UE to access the local network from the macro network
· A UE to maintain continuity of data sessions to the local network when moving between a H(e)NB and the macro network
Objective: to propose requirements and study feasibility for the following scenarios:
Provide a capability to the mobile operator to allow or restrict
Access to an enterprise/residential IP network when a UE is under coverage of the macro network, assuming that the IP address of the local IP network (e.g. residential/enterprise gateway) is available to the UE.
Continuity of data session(s) to an enterprise/residential IP network when a UE moves between a H(e)NB in an enterprise/residential environment and the macro network.
The support of Continuity of Data Sessions to Local Networks should be an operator option that may or may not be provided by individual PLMNs.
Service Aspects
The user should be able to decline access to the local network from the macro network. The user should also be able to decline continuity of data sessions to local networks when moving between H(e)NB and the macro network (e.g. in the case when data sessions to local networks is charged differently if accessed from macro coverage or via the H(e)NB).
A difference in QoS may be noticeable by the user when the local network is accessed from the macro network or via the H(e)NB.Tuesday 13 December 2011
Wednesday 16 November 2011
Thursday 3 November 2011
Femto as a Service (FaaS)
The following is from a recent Small Cells conference, presented by Colt Telecom.
I wanted to highlight the Femto as a Service (FaaS) concept as I think that this may be the way forward in future. Since multiple people have phones and devices from multiple operators and it would not be possible to have Femtocells from different operators, this may be an easy solution.I am not exactly sure about what Spectrum would be used but I guess a better case could also have been that the Fixed operator has its own spectrum that it can use and a single Femto would allow any operator's device to connect. The Femto Core can route the call to the correct mobile operator so there would be no need for multiple femtos in a house.
Thursday 27 October 2011
Femtocell Backhaul Options
Any others?
There is also this interesting presentation from Maravedis on Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) backhaul, embedded below:
Sunday 23 October 2011
Femtocells for Low Energy Buildings
Exactly three years back I posted an article about 'Femtocells for Radiation Proofed Homes' and when I saw this presentation by Elisa, Finland, It just validated with the research what I had mentioned. With the government push for more low energy infrastructure and at the same time the new technologies using higher frequencies, this problem is going to keep getting worse. Untill ofcourse the coming of 'Wireless Friendly Buildings'.
Elisa's presentation as follows:
Elisa's presentation as follows:
Elisa, Finland: View on Small Cells
View more presentations from Zahid Ghadialy
Monday 3 October 2011
LTE Survey from Telecom Asia and Maravedis
Click on the pic. to enlarge
Interesting survey results. As seen in Fig. 2 above if Video and P2P is the main drivers for LTE for some operators, soon they may end up in trouble as the users will consume as much as allowed and given opportunity. An interesting thing though is that the operators are thinking of a fallback strategy that includes Wifi, Femtocells and Picocells (Fig. 3). Finally (Fig. 4), interesting to see that operators believe in launching Smartphones for LTE, I guess CS Fallback is the only possible option for the time being (and maybe for some time to come).
You can read the complete report below:
If its too difficult to read the embed, go to Slideshare here and download presentation.
If its too difficult to read the embed, go to Slideshare here and download presentation.
Tuesday 20 September 2011
Panel Session on Small Cells (Femtocells) from Cambridge Wireless SIG event
Panel Session on Small Cells (Femtocells) from Cambridge Wireless SIG event from Zahid Ghadialy on Vimeo.
From the Cambridge Wireless Small Cell Special Interest Group event
“Small Cells: the beginning and where we are now”
15 September 2011
At The IET, Savoy Place, London, WC2R 0BL
Panel Session
Chair: Mike Bowerman, Account Manager, Alcatel Lucent.
Participants (from Left to right):
Professor Will Stewart, IET
Houston Spencer, VP Solutions and Marketing, Alcatel-Lucent
Will Franks, CTO and Founder, Ubiquisys
Chris Cox, Director of Marketing, ip.access
More details about the speakers and the event available at: http://www.cambridgewireless.co.uk/Agenda/SCS1_15.09.11.pdf
Monday 19 September 2011
Summary from the 'Small Cells' Event in Cambridge Wireless
We recently had our first 'Small Cells' SIG event in Cambridge Wireless entitled 'Small Cells: The beginning and where we are now'. The following presentation is the Introduction to Cambridge wireless and the 'Small Cells' SIG (special interest group).
Embedded below are the slides and the videos that were taken by our host for the day, 'The IET'.
The first presentation was by Prof. Will Stewart of The IET entitled 'Small Cells - Why small cells?'.
Next presentation: 'Small Cells - the big brother of femtocells. Why they are needed, and where is the femtocell market that they build on' by Will Franks, Ubiquisys
Next Presentation: 'Small Cells - On the origin of Small Cells by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured providers in the struggle for mobile broadband' by Houston Spencer, Alcatel-Lucent
Final Presentation: 'Small Cells - Mass scale femtocell deployments' by Chris Cox, IP.Access
Overall it was a good event. The main complaint was that people had lots of questions but didnt get to ask them. Hopefully they will ask them in the future events.
Saturday 17 September 2011
Wednesday 31 August 2011
Ultra Self Organising Networks (UltraSON)
While watching the Femtocell Video, I was a bit curious on what exactly UltraSON does, so I decided trying to find more info. Surprisingly the information was hard to come by. I finally managed to find the Qualcomm site that has more details but surprisingly it wasnt east to find. From the website (link at bottom):Qualcomm femtocell R&D program is focused on developing self organizing network features to address interference and mobility management for femtocell deployment in residential and enterprise environments. Interference and mobility management is a chief concern especially when operators are planning for high levels of perfromace from dense and an unplanned femtocell deployments. Qualcomm has developed UltraSON™, a comprehensive suite of interference and mobility management techniques for femtocell deployments in residential and enterprises.
The techniques that make UltraSON:
More details on UltraSON at : http://www.qualcomm.com/research/femtocells
Tuesday 16 August 2011
Monday 8 August 2011
Radio-over-Fiber (RoF): The existing alternative to Femtocells
Recently while going through NTT Docomo Technical Journal, I came across an article on Radio over Fibre. This is the first time I have come across RoF but apparently this is a common way to provide indoor coverage before Femtocells.
My intention here is not to compare this with Femtocells as I can think of advantages and disadvantages of both of them. Active Fibre DAS (Radio over Fibre)
Active fibre DAS is the most efficient in term of performance. Optical fibres are used to make the link between the MU and the RU. They can cover very long distances (up to 6 km) and support multiple radio services. With such a system the RU directly converts the optical signal into radio signal and vice versa. The other advantage is that optical fibre is very cheap and easy to install. Radio over fibre is now the most common technique used for indoor radio coverage. As detailed in [16], radio over fibre is today the optimal solution to extending indoor coverage, because it provides scalability, flexibility, easy expandability, and also because the signal degradation is very low compared with DAS using standard connections.
The following is from Wikipedia:
Radio over Fiber (RoF) refers to a technology whereby light is modulated by a radio signal and transmitted over an optical fiber link to facilitate wireless access. Although radio transmission over fiber is used for multiple purposes, such as in cable television (CATV) networks and in satellite base stations, the term RoF is usually applied when this is done for wireless access.
In RoF systems, wireless signals are transported in optical form between a central station and a set of base stations before being radiated through the air. Each base station is adapted to communicate over a radio link with at least one user's mobile station located within the radio range of said base station.
RoF transmission systems are usually classified into two main categories (RF-over-Fiber ; IF-over-Fiber) depending on the frequency range of the radio signal to be transported.
a) In RF-over-Fiber architecture, a data-carrying RF (Radio Frequency) signal with a high frequency (usually greater than 10 GHz) is imposed on a lightwave signal before being transported over the optical link. Therefore, wireless signals are optically distributed to base stations directly at high frequencies and converted to from optical to electrical domain at the base stations before being amplified and radiated by an antenna. As a result, no frequency up/down conversion is required at the various base station, thereby resulting in simple and rather cost-effective implementation is enabled at the base stations.
b) In IF-over-Fiber architecture, an IF (Intermediate Frequency) radio signal with a lower frequency (less than 10 GHz) is used for modulating light before being transported over the optical link. Therefore, wireless signals are transported at intermediate frequency over the optical.
Access to dead zones
An important application of RoF is its use to provide wireless coverage in the area where wireless backhaul link is not possible. These zones can be areas inside a structure such as a tunnel, areas behind buildings, Mountainous places or secluded areas such a jungle.
FTTA (Fiber to the Antenna)
By using an optical connection directly to the antenna, the equipment vendor can gain several advantages like low line losses, immunity to lightening strikes/electric discharges and reduced complexity of base station by attaching light weight Optical-to-Electrical (O/E) converter directly to antenna.
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