Diameter, Signalling and LTE

Last year, I blogged about Signalling storm and Diamater here and here. Embedded below is a similar sort of presentation from the Fokus Fuseco Forum 2012.

What kind of signalling issues have to be solved by introducing LTE? from Zahid Ghadialy

M2M Standardization and its Role for Emerging Smart Cities

Interesting presentation from FOKUS Fuseco forum 2012.

Global M2M Standardization and its Role for Emerging Smart Cities from Zahid Ghadialy

Related presentation on slideshare here.

Scalable UMTS (S-UMTS) to accelerate GSM Refarming

Looks like a good idea from LTE will possibly be applied to UMTS/HSPA and it will also help accelerate the re-farming of GSM spectrum. A recent presentation from Qualcomm below:

Available to download from here.

Revisiting Coordinated Multi-point (CoMP) Technology

Looks like I re-visit CoMP every Q1 of the year. Couple of years back, I had posted a primer on CoMP here and last year I had a slide on schemes and deployments here. With Release-11 out of the door and  Release-12 getting in full swing in the standards, its time to re-visit this topic in a bit more detail. There are couple of presentations, one completely devoted to this topic and one that has a section on it. Both of them can be downloaded from slideshare.

CoMP and Interference Management Tech in 3GPP from Zahid Ghadialy

3GPP LTE Standards Update: Release 11, 12 and Beyond from Zahid Ghadialy

The story of Femtocells, Small Cells and Metrocells

Femtocells were introduced many years back as a residential, closed group, small base station. The intention was to provide coverage at home for high speed data (primary) and voice (secondary). It was more for coverage than capacity. In these good old days smart phones were far and few and feature phones were many. WiFi on the phone made it expensive and power hungry so cellular was the way to go.

There were many opportunities for Femtocells to take the centre stage as the concept is technologically sound but the operators have been not very willing to deploy it soon enough. Some operators were more willing to give it a try to fix their own issues, for example Softbank which gave free femtocells, in open access mode, to improve its coverage issues. Femtozone services that promised value addition provided with the Femtocells, never took off. Other promises of exclusive broadcast content using Femtocells for example never materialised due to lack of availability of the handsets and content.

Lot has changed since then. The smartphones and tablets have taken over the market, all of them have inbuilt WiFi that is generally more efficient than the cellular radio, coverage issues have become secondary and capacity issues are a bigger concern. Femtocell players have realised that except for the publicity, there isn't much to gain from the Femtocells. As a result Femtocells were replaced by the term Small cells that represents much more than the old Femtocells. The residential Femtocells have been reduced to being just voice boosters.

The different types of Small cells can be seen in the picture above. Except for the residential, the other types of small cells operate in either the open mode or the hybrid mode. Personally, I differentiate closed Femtocells from the other Small Cells. Metrocell is the upcoming type of Small cell that I believe everyone is focussing on. They operate always in the open mode and have been chosen as the promised one to solve the two major problems of capacity and coverage.

According to the Small Cell Forum introductory whitepaper, Metrocells would see an increased growth in the next few years when the operators start deploying more of them and less of the Macrocells.

So for those of you who don't know, and would like to learn more, an introductory presentation on Metrocells is available here.

If this is an area of interest and you are interested in having and in-depth understanding then we invite you to attend our Metrocells Masterclass which is a one day workshop explaining ins and outs of Metrocell. 

If you are a big organisation and would like us to provide you with a private workshop, please feel free to contact us for details.

We have also started the Metrocells Blog that I will use to post information related to Small Cells and Metrocells in future. Please feel free to take a look at: http://metrocells.blogspot.com/

Interference avoidance for in-device coexistence (IDC)

I posted on this topic couple of years back, so here is a quick update. There is also an article in IEEE Comsoc magazine if you can get hold of it.

Here is the updated 3GPP document

Study on signalling and procedure for interference avoidance for in-device coexistence from Zahid Ghadialy

Ten things Wi-Fi had in common with public toilets!

Interesting perspective from a presentation by Agilent in Cambridge Wireless Small Cells SIG.

Direct Communication in 3GPP Release-12

Here is a presentation from LG on this topic:

Direct Communication in 3GPP from Zahid Ghadialy

And a magazine article from IEEE on this topic:

Design Aspects of Network Assisted Device-to-Device Communications from Zahid Ghadialy

If interested in doing more research on this topic, also see this link.

Related posts:

• Public Safety Communications using LTE
• 3GPP Release-12 and beyond

Overview of 3GPP Release-12 Study Item UPCON

Mobile operators are seeing significant increases in user data traffic. For some operators, user data traffic has more than doubled annually for several years. Although the data capacity of networks has increased significantly, the observed increase in user traffic continues to outpace the growth in capacity. This is resulting in increased network congestion and in degraded user service experience. Reasons for this growth in traffic are the rapidly increasing use of smart phones and tablet like devices, and the proliferation of data applications that they support, as well as the use of USB modem dongles for laptops to provide mobile Internet access using 3GPP networks. As the penetration of these terminals increases worldwide and the interest in content-rich multi-media services (e.g. OTT video streaming services) rises, this trend of rapidly increasing data traffic is expected to continue and accelerate.

Here are couple of presentations on this topic:

Towards User-Plane Congestion Management in LTE EPS from Zahid Ghadialy

Overview of 3GPP Study Item UPCON from Zahid Ghadialy

Related blog posts:

• Data growth from 0.6EB/Mo to 10.6EB/Mo by 2016 (18x)
• Operators strategy for supporting the ‘Mobile Data Explosion’
• Data v/s Signalling Traffic in Dongles and Phones
• Capacity planning in mobile data networks experiencing exponential growth in demand
• 3GPP based 'Sponsored Data Connectivity'
• Downlink traffic distribution during 27 hours in one GGSN
• A Twitter discussion on 'Data Tsunami' myth
• Mobile Video is more than 50% of the data traffic

LTE-B, LTE-C, ... , LTE-X

Please make sure to read the comment from Kevin Flynn of 3GPP at the end

When I saw this picture above, I started wondering what LTE-B, etc. and started digging a bit deep. Came across this Ericsson presentation (embedded below) that shows the breakdown.

To just be sure that this is not Ericsson specific term, I also found a presentation by NTT Docomo (embedded below)

So I guess using LTE-B, LTE-C, etc. is better than saying 4.1G, 4.2G, etc. as we did in case of 3G/HSPA.


The presentations from Ericsson and NTT Docomo embedded below, available to download from Slideshare.

LTE evolution: Beyond lte-advanced from Zahid Ghadialy

Future Radio Access, M2M and Grand Societal Challenges from Zahid Ghadialy